Nanostructured materials (NSMs) are attaining significant attraction from both technological and fundamental science aspect owing to their chemical, physical, magnetic and electronic characteristic differences over conventional bulk material. The objective of this study is to discuss different methods for production of 2D materials. Methods are broadly classified as mechanical and chemical exfoliation methods. The mechanical exfoliation provides versatility and low cost whereas chemical exfoliation provides chemical homogeneity and molecular level mixing. Different techniques under mechanical methods are lithography, sputtering, evaporation, hot plasma, spray pyrolysis, cold plasma, condensation of inert gas phases and chemical methods include techniques such as electrochemical deposition, CVD (chemical vapor deposition), lyotropic liquid crystal templates, laser pyrolysis, sol-gel technique, and LCVD (laser chemical vapor deposition technique). The synthesis and fabrication processes control the morphology and size of product which further improves the performance of 2D NSMs in different applications.